{"id":31096,"date":"2014-07-20T03:10:41","date_gmt":"2014-07-19T17:40:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shinkamanagement.com\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d8%af%d8%b1\/"},"modified":"2025-12-13T00:58:43","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T14:28:43","slug":"introduction-to-lean-manufacturing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shinkamanagement.com\/ar\/introduction-to-lean-manufacturing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Introduction to Lean Manufacturing & Lean Management<\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text]

<\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

What is Lean Manufacturing?<\/h2>\n

Lean manufacturing and lean production are continuous improvement philosophies synonymous with Kaizen<\/strong> or Toyota Motor Corporation’s famous Toyota Production System<\/strong><\/a>. The history of lean management or lean manufacturing is traced back to the early years of Toyota and the development of the Toyota Production System after Japan\u2019s defeat in WWII when the company was looking for a means to compete with the US car industry through developing and implementing a range of low-cost improvements within their business.<\/p>\n

In brief, lean manufacturing seeks to implement business processes that achieve high quality, safety and worker morale, whilst reducing cost and shortening lead times. This in itself is not unique to Japan. What sets lean management apart, and makes it particularly effective, is that it has at its core a laser-sharp focus on the elimination of all waste from all processes.<\/p>\n

The Seven Wastes of Lean Manufacturing<\/h2>\n

So what do we mean by waste? Here we are referring to any expenditure of resources that doesn\u2019t add value for the customer. In lean manufacturing there are generally considered to be seven types of waste.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Over-production against plan<\/li>\n
  2. Waiting time of operators and machines<\/li>\n
  3. Unnecessary transportation<\/li>\n
  4. Waste in the process itself<\/li>\n
  5. Excess stock of material and components<\/li>\n
  6. Non value-adding motion<\/li>\n
  7. Defects in quality<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Whilst we discuss these in terms of their origins in the automotive manufacturing industry, this same thinking can apply to almost all industries. These wastes can all be applied, for example, to the preparation and serving of a hamburger, logistics operations or a call center – this thinking is not limited to manufacturing.<\/p>\n

    Labor and Equipment Effectiveness<\/h2>\n

    We can typically look at the waste within a business process by considering the labour and equipment effectiveness. For example for labour, there\u2019s usually a stark difference between the paid time for a resource and the time that the resource is actually adding value for the customer. We can define this difference through a series of losses.[\/vc_column_text]

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    \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a (\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Definition of time study, from: Salvendy, G. Handbook of Industrial Engineering, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992.<\/p>\n

    Time studies are used to help us understand:<\/p>\n